Mobile-Ion-Induced Degradation of Organic Hole-Selective Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskites are mixed electronic–ionic semiconductors. It is imperative to develop a deeper understanding of how ion-migration behavior in perovskites impacts the long-term operational stability of solar cells. In this work, we found that ion penetration from the perovskite layer into the adjacent organic hole-selective layer is a crucial cause of performance degradation in perovskite solar cells. The monovalent cation, namely, methylammonium (MA + ), is the main ion species that penetrates into the organic hole-selective layer of Spiro-MeOTAD because of the built-in electric field during operation. The incorporation of MA + induces deep-level defects in the Spiro-MeOTAD layer and thereby deteriorates the hole-transporting ability of Spiro-MeOTAD, degrading solar cell performance. Our work points to two ways to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells: one is to insert a compact ion-blocking layer between Spiro-MeOTAD and perovskite, and the other is to find a hole-selective layer that is insensitive to extraneous ions (MA + ).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".