High-Technology Trade Indicators 2008 - An International Comparison of the Big Economic Areas and Countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present report gives an overview on the level and development of the high-technology exports and imports of the four big economic areas and countries of the world: the USA, the EU-25, Japan, and China. In addition to these economic areas and countries also the countries participating in the Group of Eight process (G8) - the USA, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada, and Russia - are analysed were it was found informative by the author.\nFor the analyses of the total high-tech trade three different definitions of market shares are used: high-tech trade in world high-tech trade, high-tech trade in world total trade, and high-tech trade in one country¿s total trade. For the definition of the high-tech sectors and goods the current classifications of high-tech sectors and product groups of the OECD were applied.\nFurthermore, the composition of the high-tech exports and imports of each of the four big economic areas and countries was studied and also the per-capita high-tech exports and imports as well as the share of high-tech exports in the gross domestic product (GDP) were examined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".