Assessment of Create-AV Helios for Complex Rotating Hub Wakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experimental data from high Reynolds number water tunnel experiments conducted at the Pennsylvania State University of a de-featured helicopter hub are compared with unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses using CREATE-AV Helios. CFD hub modeling employs a Spalart-Allmaras Detached Eddy Simulation (SA-DES) model. Different off-body wake treatments (baseline SA-DES, coarse off-body SA-DES, and inviscid) are computed. Total hub drag is predicted within 7%, while peak-to-peak loads, azimuthal variation and frequency content are accurately captured. Drag breakdown and frequency content by component is investigated. Mean and unsteady wake velocity characteristics from PIV and LDV measurements are compared with the calculations. The mean streamwise velocities are over-predicted. The frequency content in the CFD simulations is seen to be stronger and broader than experiment with excessive dissipation from near- to far-wake.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".