A Three-Scale Description of Partially-Saturated Swelling Clays Based on Micro-Poro-Elasticity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The homogenized stress-strain behavior of partially saturated expansive clays is mathematically derived as a multi-phase system by highlighting the underlying physics at the nanoscale. The condition of partial saturation in the clay material results into a complex three-phase system involving three scales. At the finest scale, the pore space between the electrically charged clay particles is assumed to be saturated by an electrolyte solution. The deformational behavior at equilibrium is up-scaled through a homogenization procedure based on average-field theory. The source of macroscopic swelling stress is described by the electro-chemical interactions at the nanoscale, herein governed by the Poisson-Boltzmann problem. The proposed derivation is restricted to the elastic regime and ultimately leads to a tensorial stress partitioning that elucidates the existence of a Bishop-like effective stress measure. It is shown how the interaction between fluid phases at the different scales contributes to the capillary stress with a surface tension term that is dependent on pore size and morphology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".