Behaviour of GFRP Reinforced Concrete Columns under Combined Axial Load and Flexure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents experimental results from nine large-scale circular concrete columns\nreinforced with longitudinal and transverse glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. These\nspecimens were tested under lateral cyclic quasi-static loading while simultaneously subjected\nto constant axial load. Based on the measured hysteretic loops of moment vs. curvature and\nshear vs. tip deflection relationships, a series of parameters related to ductility and flexural\nstrength are used to evaluate the seismic behavior of each column. The results showed that\nconcrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars have stable post-peak branches and can achieve\nvery high levels of deformability. Longitudinal GFRP bars maintained their stiffness at high\nstrains and transverse GFRP spirals provided increasing confinement for the entire duration of\nthe test without any spiral damage. The tests showed that, as an innovative material with\nexcellent corrosion resistance GFRP bars can be successfully used as internal reinforcement in\nductile concrete columns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".