Responses of growth and leaf phenolics in European aspen (<i>Populus tremula</i>) to climate change during juvenile phase change
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In trees, the change from juvenile to adult vegetative phase can last for years. In Populus tremula L., this phase change is characterized by a morphological change in leaf shape, as leaves in the seedling phase typically are sharp-tipped, while saplings and trees have round-tipped leaves. In an open-field experiment, we studied the separate and combined effects of enhanced temperature and UVB radiation on 2-year-old P. tremula plantlets undergoing phase change. The concentration of salicylates was higher in the seedling-phase plants than in tree-type plants. In contrast, the concentration of condensed tannins was higher in the tree-type plants but only under ambient temperature. Enhanced temperature increased growth of the plants and the concentration of some salicylate compounds, and it decreased concentrations of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and condensed tannins. In addition, in the seedling-phase plants, the severity of rust infections decreased and herbivore damage increased under warming. The effects of enhanced UVB radiation were weaker, as concentrations of only two flavonoid compounds increased under enhanced UVB radiation. Based on our results, climate change may have a moderate delaying effect on the physiological development of both sexes of P. tremula, which may lead to lowered performance in their normal habitat in the future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".