The Role of Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase in Plant-pathogen Interactions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a non-energy conserving branch of the mitochondrial electron\ntransport chain (ETC) which has been hypothesized to modulate the level of reactive oxygen\nspecies (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in plant mitochondria. The aim of the\nresearch presented herein is to provide direct evidence in support of this hypothesis and to\nexplore the implications of this during plant-pathogen interactions in Nicotiana tabacum. We\nobserved leaf levels of ROS and RNS in wild-type (Wt) tobacco and transgenic tobacco with\naltered AOX levels and we found that plants lacking AOX have increased levels of both NO and\nmitochondrial O2\n- compared Wt plants. Based on the results we suggest that AOX respiration\nacts to reduce the generation of ROS and RNS in plant mitochondria by dampening the leak of\nelectrons from the ETC to O2 or nitrite.\nWe characterized multiple responses of tobacco to different pathovars of the bacterial pathogen\nPseudomonas syringae. These included a compatible response associated with necrosis (pv\ntabaci), an incompatible response that included the hypersensitive response (HR) (pv\nmaculicola) and an incompatible response that induced defenses (pv phaseolicola). We show that\nthe HR is accompanied by an early mitochondrial O2\n- burst prior to cell death. Also, we found\niii\nthat the appearance of HR and the appearance of the mitochondrial O2\n- burst are delayed in\ntransgenic plants lacking AOX. A similar delay is seen in transgenic plants treated with the\ncomplex III inhibitor antimycin A. In Wt plants, expression of Aox1a is suppressed during the\nHR response to pv maculicola despite the accumulation of signaling molecules known to induce\nAox1a transcription. Also, MnSOD activity declined during the HR. We suggest that the\nmitochondrial ROS burst controlled by AOX and MnSOD is an important component for the\ninduction and coordination of the HR during plant-pathogen interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".