Nuclear genomes distinguish cryptic species suggested by their DNA barcodes and ecology
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significance Thirteen years of mitochondrial DNA barcoding of 15,000+ species of Lepidoptera and their parasitoids living in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, indicate several thousand cases where barcodes combined with ecology suggest unrecognized cryptic species, substantially increasing species counts. Here, we show that the slightly different barcodes of three extremely similar parapatric–sympatric species of butterflies covary not only with ecology and subtle morphological traits but also with nuclear genomes—a finding that we predict will be commonplace and a method that we predict will be widely used. The barcodes of the century-old type specimens of Udranomia kikkawai from Venezuela reveal that this name applies to one of the three Costa Rican cryptic species; the others we describe as new.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it