Working Together and Working Things Out: Dispute Resolution in Repeated Vertical Exchange Relationships
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we explore the impact of relational history on firms' willingness to things in subsequent agreements, by examining the way that disputes between partners in vertical exchange relationships are actually resolved. Counter to the received wisdom we find no evidence of an automatic preference for private dispute resolution (negotiation, mediation or arbitration) among repeat transactors, relative to those in new exchange relationships - the act of working together does not appear to increase exchange partners' ability to work things out in all instances. However, we find that when there is evidence of the existence of cooperative norms in previous dealings between the partners, subsequent disputes are significantly more likely to be settled privately, as expected. In contrast, in cases where previous interactions are described in negative terms disputes are just as likely to end in litigation as if they were new partnerships. Indeed, we find some evidence of a higher propensity to turn to the courts for compensation when repeated conflict undermines familiarity-based trust.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".