Banks efficiency and productivity in Togo after the financial liberalization: a combined Malmquist index approach
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the productivity growth of Togolese banks. The study period (2000–2008) corresponds to the post-financial liberalization in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) zone and the third phase of a changed banking and financial environment. We develop a new combined Malmquist index based on ‘P-index II’ in order to estimate the total factor productivity (TFP) growth and its components. The empirical results show that the TFP has considerably increased for the whole industry, in which technical change is found to be a more important source of productivity growth to Togolese banks compared to efficiency change. In line with this, it is indicated that the financial liberalization does not improve the technical efficiencies of banks in Togo on a whole.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it