Synergistic Extraction of Lanthanides (III) with Mixtures of TODGA and Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid into Molecular Diluent
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The extraction of lanthanides(III) from aqueous nitric acid solutions with N,N,N’,N’-tetra(n-octyl)diglycolamide (TODGA) and with mixtures of TODGA and the hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) [C4mim][Tf2N] into 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) has been investigated. The extraction efficiency of Ln(III) ions was greatly enhanced by the addition of a small amount of IL to an organic phase containing TODGA. The synergistic effect comes from the higher hydrophobicity of Ln(III) extracted species formed by TODGA and the weakly coordinating Tf2N− anions compared with those formed by TODGA and NO3− ions as the counter-anions. The partition of Tf2N− anions between the organic and aqueous phases is the dominant factor governing the extractability of lanthanides(III) with mixtures of TODGA and [C4mim][Tf2N]. The extraction of Ln(III) from aqueous nitric acid solutions by TODGA alone and its mixtures with [C4mim][Tf2N] into DCE can be described on the basis of the solvation extraction mechanism. However, in the extraction system with added [C4mim][Tf2N], the partition of Tf2N− between two immiscible phases and the interaction between HTf2N and TODGA in the organic phase should be taken into account. Possible reasons of the antagonistic effect in the TODGA–[C4mim][Tf2N] extraction system are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it