Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mutluluk (happiness) is one of the fascinating characteristics of the Turkish people as embodied in the words of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. However, the recent rise of terrorist events in Turkey cast a long shadow over their happiness. Two distinct groups are behind the rise: a reinvigorated Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) including some of its splinter groups and Islamic States (IS). While Turkey’s policy to deal with PKK-related violent extremism is relatively old and the root of the conflict chiefly lies in the problematic relationship between the Turkish state and Kurdish minority, IS orchestrated terrorism is new and it has put Turkey into a dilemma that rose from changing geopolitical situation in Syria and its surrounding areas. In explaining both the trends, this chapter gives an overview of “Kurdish question” that is embedded in historical past and then it suggests that the peaceful resolution of conflict lies in engaging PKK and Kurdish political party in a meaningful way so that they can grasp long-term consequence of the ongoing conflict. Turkey’s domestic political environment has changed over the past decade and an evolving civil–military relationship coupled with Justice and Development Party’s (AKP) assertive role in controlling domestic affairs have potency to push Turkey toward more instability in the future. In this regard, Turkey has adopted a three-pronged counterterrorism strategy to deal with the current situation and it is shaped by a host of internal and external factors. However, relying solely on hard power to resolve terrorism would not be a prudent way forward for Turkish policymakers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".