Effect of welding speed on lap joint quality of friction stir welded AZ31 magnesium alloy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) is an attractive option to join magnesium alloys, one of the lightest metals for structural applications. In this work, the effect of welding speed ranging from 5 to 30 mm/s on lap joint quality of 2-mm thick AZ31B-H24 magnesium alloy was investigated in terms of weld defects, microstructure, hardness and tensile shear properties. The influence of welding speed on welding defects such as hooking and kissing bond is discussed in detail. Also, the evolution of the microstructure, hardness and tensile shear load as a function of welding speed are studied. The welding process of the lap joints for 2-mm thick AZ31 magnesium alloy was optimized based on the minimization of the hooking defect and the maximization of the tensile shear strength. Sound lap joints with good surface quality, low distortion, lack of cavity and crack defects, with minor hooking and kissing bond, and with high tensile shear strength were successfully obtained indicating the great potential of FSW technique for magnesium alloys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".