Renin–angiotensin system and the heart
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although considerable advances have been made in the management of congestive heart failure over the past four decades, it still remains a major public health problem and its mechanisms need to be fully understood. Both circulating or peripheral and cardiac renin–angiotensin systems (RAS) are considered to play an important role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis; however, the activation of RAS for a prolonged period is believed to result in the development of cardiac dysfunction. This chapter discusses the mechanisms for the activation of the peripheral RAS and the activation of the cardiac RAS. The myocardial response to RAS activation and the role of RAS in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure due to myocardial infarction with respect to cardiac remodeling and subcellular defects are described. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of pharmacological inhibition of RAS by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on cardiac function during congestive heart failure are outlined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".