Steady-State Free Ca<sup>2+</sup> in Astrocytes Is Decreased by Experience and Impacts Arteriole Tone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Astrocytes can control basal synaptic strength and arteriole tone via their resting Ca2+ activity. However, whether resting astrocyte Ca2+ can adjust to a new steady-state level, with an impact on surrounding brain cells, remains unknown. Using two-photon Ca2+ imaging in male rat acute brain slices of the somatosensory neocortex, we found that theta burst neural activity produced an unexpected long-lasting reduction in astrocyte free Ca2+ in the soma and endfeet. The drop in intracellular Ca2+ was attenuated by antagonists targeting multiple ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and intracellular cascades involved Ca2+ stores and nitric oxide. The reduction in astrocyte endfoot Ca2+ was coincident with an increase in arteriole tone, and both the Ca2+ drop and the tone change were prevented by an NMDA receptor antagonist. Astrocyte patch-clamp experiments verified that the glutamate receptors in question were located on astrocytes and that Ca2+ changes within astrocytes were responsible for the long-lasting change in arteriole diameter caused by theta burst neural activity. In astrocytes from animals that lived in an enriched environment, we measured a relatively lower resting Ca2+ level that occluded any further drop in Ca2+ in response to theta burst activity. These data suggest that electrically evoked patterns of neural activity or natural experience can adjust steady-state resting astrocyte Ca2+ and that the effect has an impact on basal arteriole diameter. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The field of astrocyte-neuron and astrocyte-arteriole interactions is currently in a state of refinement. Experimental evidence ex vivo suggests that direct manipulation of astrocyte-free Ca2+ regulates synaptic signaling and local blood flow control; however, in vivo experiments fail to link synaptically evoked astrocyte Ca2+ transients and immediate changes to various astrocyte-mediated processes. To clarify this discrepancy, we examined a different aspect of astrocyte Ca2+: the resting, steady-state free Ca2+ of astrocytes, its modulation, and its potential role in the tonic regulation of surrounding brain cells. We found that ex vivo or in vivo neural activity induced a long-lasting reduction in resting free astrocyte Ca2+ and that this phenomenon changed arteriole tone.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".