Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Maltese Sheep, Goat and Cow Milk Using Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mineral content of milk from sheep, goats and cows bred in Malta and Gozo were determined for the first time. Two hundred and twenty samples were collected from cow, sheep and goat farms in Malta and Gozo. Ten macro and micro minerals were analysed, using microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry.No significant differences were observed between localities for the metals in the ruminant milk. Three micro minerals, Mn, Cr and Cd were not detected in the three milk types. However, most metals differed significantly between ruminants. Potassium was highest in cow milk, while Ca was significantly the highest in sheep milk. The other metals occurred at much lower concentrations. For the micro minerals, sheep milk exhibited the highest concentrations for Fe, Mg and Cu while cow milk showed the highest values for Zn and Ba. Principal component analysis revealed the separation of the cow and sheep milk samples into two distinct clusters, while the goat milk samples were scattered across the two clusters. This shows the distinctiveness of the sheep milk over the other two milk types.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".