Measurement of shear wave velocity for elastography using conventional B-mode scan of focused ultrasound
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A measurement method of shear wave (SW) velocity for elastography by using a conventional B-mode scan with a focused ultrasound system is demonstrated in this paper. In the B-mode scan, there is a scanning time delay among the sequential A-mode measurements. This scanning time delay causes an artificial spatial frequency difference between the induced SW and undesired SWs reflected at tissue boundaries. Therefore, the reflected SW can be removed from the measured SWs using a spatial frequency filter. In our previous study, the SW propagating in the same direction as the B-mode scanning direction was used to measure the SW velocity. In such configuration, a prior knowledge was required whether the values of the SW velocity of a specimen are greater or smaller than the B-mode scanning speed, which may not be known for an arbitrary specimen. In order to address such shortcoming, the measurement configuration was modified in this paper so that such prior knowledge is no longer required. The method was verified by using a soft tissue mimicking phantom with a relatively stiffer cylindrical inclusion. Image contrast between the two different materials was successfully observed in the SW velocity map obtained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".