Angiotensin II receptors’ modulation of calcium homeostasis in human vascular endothelial cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) plays an important role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle function. However, little is known about AngII and its receptors AT 1 (AT 1 R) and AT 2 (AT 2 R) and their modulation of intracellular calcium in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in general and more particularly of human origin. Using western blots, our results showed that AT 1 Rs and AT 2 Rs are present in human VECs (hVECs). Using quantitative 3D confocal imaging, our results showed that AngII is present at the cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic levels and its relative density is lower in the nucleoplasm. However, both AngII receptors AT 1 and AT 2 are present at both the plasma and the nuclear envelope membranes (NEMs). AngII (10 −10 mol/L) induces a transient decrease of the relative density of cytosolic and nuclear AT 1 Rs. Blockade of AT 1 Rs with losartan or blocking protein synthesis with cycloheximide does not prevent internalization and nuclear translocation of AT 1 Rs but prevents de novo AT 1 R synthesis. In addition, AngII induces cytosolic and nuclear increases (EC 50 near 5 × 10 −14 mol/L) of calcium via the activation of AT 1 Rs. These results demonstrate that both AT 1 and AT 2 receptors are present in hVECs, and that only AT 1 Rs seem to undergo transcellular trafficking and modulate cytosolic and nuclear calcium homeostasis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".