Measurements and modeling of human blockage effects for multiple millimeter Wave bands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the blockage loss caused by human body at 11, 16, 28, and 32 GHz by measurements and modeling. The measurements are carried out in an office environment by using a vector network analyzer (VNA) and two horn antennas, with one or two persons walking along or across the line connecting the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). The METIS knife-edge diffraction (KED) model, Kirchhoff KED model, and geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) model are used to simulate the human blockage effects. The Gaussian model is also used to fit the measurement data. The human blockage effects are compared for the four millimeter wave (mmWave) bands. The results have shown that as the frequency increases, there is no obvious increasing trend of the losses. The METIS KED model, Kirchhoff KED model, and G TD model can simulate the human blockage effects well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".