Air-Stable, Self-Bleaching Electrochromic Device Based on Viologen- and Ferrocene-Containing Triflimide Redox Ionic Liquids
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We demonstrate an electrochromic device with self-bleaching ability that uses ethyl viologen- ([EV] 2+ ) and ferrocene-based redox ionic liquids ([FcNTf] − ) as the electroactive species. These electroactive compounds are insensitive to atmospheric O 2 and H 2 O in both their oxidized and reduced states once dissolved in a typical ionic liquid electrolyte ([BMIm][NTf 2 ]), allowing for the device to be assembled outside a glovebox without any encapsulation. This device could generate a deep blue color by the application of a 2.0 V potential between two fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates to oxidize the ferrocenyl centers to [FcNTf] 0 while reducing viologen to [EV] +• . Self-bleaching occurs at OCP as [EV] +• and [FcNTf] 0 undergo homogeneous electron transfer in the electrolyte. The mass transport of ethyl viologen and ferrocenylsulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([FcNTf] − ) anion was evaluated by double potential step chronoamperometry to study the impact of the diffusion coefficient on the self-bleaching mechanism. The electrochromic device demonstrated here shows a contrast Δ T (610 nm) around 40% at 2.0 V as colored cell voltage, a switching time in the order of few seconds for coloration and bleaching, coloration efficiency of 105.4 to 146.2 cm 2 C 1– at 610 nm, and very high stability (94.8% Δ T after 1000 cycles) despite the presence of O 2 and H 2 O in the electrolyte.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it