<i>In situ</i> heavy ion irradiation in ferritic/martensitic ODS steels at 500°C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three different ferritic/martensitic oxide dispersion-strengthened steels (9Cr, 12Cr and 16Cr) were irradiated using dual beam ions (Kr + and He + ), with in situ transmission electron microscope observation. Helium was found to be essential in cavity nucleation and growth. The 9Cr alloy presented the lowest formation of cavities among the three irradiated steels, which is attributed to the presence of significant amounts of martensite. During the irradiation of 16Cr alloy with dual beam ions, cavity segregation to grain boundaries was observed at a relatively low dose ∼1 dpa, whereas it occurred at ∼2 dpa in 9Cr and 12Cr alloys. Nano-sized Y–Ti–O particles were stable during the entire irradiation to ∼8 dpa. The lattice defects were characterised and mainly consist of [Formula: see text] interstitial loops.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".