Adventive (Non‐Native) Insects and the Consequences for Science and Society of Species that Become Invasive
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Invasion biology now has a central role in biotic conservation, and invasive species are used as tools for biogeographic, ecological, and evolutionary research. This chapter discusses adventive insects that are immigrant or introduced, with an emphasis on North America. Examples deal mainly with human-assisted movement of insects between countries, even though intracountry changes in range are common among immigrant taxa (e.g., the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata) and western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera) within the United States). The chapter gives little attention to immigrants that arrive on their own by active flight, or by passive conveyance on convective air currents or strong winds associated with El Nino events, and discusses those that expand their ranges as the result of global climate change. An anthocorid bug (Anthocoris nemoralis) was introduced for biological control in western North America. The Canadian fauna also includes more than 300 species introduced for biological control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".