Influence of trainee involvement on procedural characteristics for linear endobronchial ultrasound
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a safe and effective method for the diagnostic sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes. However, there is a learning curve associated with the procedure and operator experience influences diagnostic yield. We sought to determine if trainee involvement during EBUS influences procedural characteristics, complication rate, and diagnostic yield. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 220 subjects who underwent an EBUS procedure at our center from December 2012 to June 2013. Procedures were performed by six different interventional pulmonologists with substantial experience with EBUS or by a trainee under their direct supervision. Procedural characteristics and complications were recorded. Diagnostic yield and specimen adequacy were compared between groups. RESULTS: EBUS was performed in 220 patients with a trainee involved (n = 116) or by staff physician alone (n = 104). Patient characteristics, and the number and size of lymph node stations sampled were similar. EBUS duration was longer (16.0 vs. 13.7 minutes; P = 0.002) and the total dose of lidocaine used was higher (322.3 vs. 304.2 mg; P = 0.045) when a trainee was involved. The rate of adequate specimens sampled was comparable between the groups (92.0 vs. 92.0%; P = 0.60). Diagnostic yield was lower when a trainee was involved in the EBUS procedure (52.6 vs. 68.3%; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Trainee involvement significantly increased EBUS duration and the dose of local anesthesia used for the procedure. Diagnostic yield was lower when a trainee was involved. Factors accounting for this difference in yield, despite adequate samples being obtained, warrant further investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".