We Are All Potential Terrorists Now: The Reconstituitive Effects of the Anti-Terrorim Act and the USA Patriot Act
Bibliographic record
Abstract
EnglishSince the September 11 attacks, Canada and the United States have implemented anti-terrorism legislation that has been widely criticized for targeting members of groups associated with specific ethnic, religious and immigrant communities. Much of this discussion has centred on the balancing of individual rights and collective security. This article argues that the impact of these legislative measures reaches beyond the tensions between these competing interests. By examining the political implications from the Foucauldian concept of panopticonism, the author argues that expanded surveillance mechanisms reinvent all citizens as potential terrorists. As in the panopticon, where inmates are exposed to penetrating surveillance and punishment for transgressions, citizens in a post-9/11 world are expected to self-discipline with ominous consequences. francaisDepuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, le Canada et les Etats-Unis ont adopte une legislation antiterroriste qui a ete largement critiquee parce qu’elle cible communautes ethniques, religieuses et immigrantes precises. La plus grande partie de la discussion a porte sur l’equilibre entre les interets des droits individuels et ceux de la securite collective. Cet article fait valoir que les effets de ces mesures s’etendent au-dela des tensions regnant entre les interets opposes. En examinant les implications politiques du concept panoptique de Foucault, l’auteur pretend que les mecanismes de surveillance accrue reinventent les citoyens en tant que terroristes potentiels. Tout comme les detenus d’une prison panoptique sont exposes a une surveillance penetrante et des mesures disciplinaires pour les transgressions, on s’attend a ce que les citoyens de l’apres 11 septembre fassent preuve d ’au tod iscipline avec consequences graves. Une fois reconstitues en tant que terroristes potentiels, les Canadiens et les Americains doivent apprecierle maintien du statu quo en ce qui concerne l’expression de preoccupations de justice pour d’eviter d’intensifier la surveillance d’Etat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".