Quantifying the Mobility Benefits of Winter Road Maintenance - A
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: 36 A good understanding of the relationship between highway performance, such as crash rates and 37 travel delays, and winter road maintenance activities under different winter weather and traffic 38 conditions is essential to the development of cost-effective winter road maintenance policies and 39 standards, operation strategies and technologies. This research is specifically concerned about 40 the mobility benefits of winter road maintenance. A microscopic traffic simulation model is used 41 to investigate the traffic patterns under adverse weather and road surface conditions. A segment 42 of the Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW) located in the Great Toronto Area, Ontario is used in the 43 simulation study. Observed field traffic data from the study segment was used in the calibration 44 of the simulation model. Different scenarios of traffic characteristics and road surface conditions 45 as a result of weather events and maintenance operations are simulated and travel time is used as a performance measure for the effect of winter snow storms46 on the mobility of a highway
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".