A Shape Memory Alloy-Based Compression Therapy Prototype Tested With Individuals in Seated Position
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Orthostatic intolerance in patients can occur secondary to concomitant venous pooling and enhanced capillary filtration when standing upright, and is one of the principle causes of syncope or fainting. Compression therapy is commonly recommended for the management of syncope based on the assumption that it increases venous return. Technologies currently used include compression stockings, whose efficacy has, however, been challenged, and intermittent pneumatic pressure devices, which highly restrict the patients' mobility. This paper therefore investigates a novel active compression brace (ACB), which could potentially provide intermittent pressure while not restricting movements. The ACB, actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires, in this work was tested with twelve healthy individuals in a seated position. The experimental observation showed that the ACB can apply a constant initial pressure to the leg similar to commercial compression stockings and also produce intermittent pressure exceeding 30 mmHg. A comparison between analytical and experimental results showed a maximum of 2.08 mmHg absolute averaged difference among all the participants. A correlation analysis showed that the normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD) between the experimental and analytical results had a significant negative correlation with the estimated total calf circumference minus the calf fat cross-sectional area (CSA). A calibration formula, accounting for fat and circumference of the leg, was introduced to account for these two parameters. The comfort of the ACB was also compared to two other available compression devices using questionnaires. No participants reported discomfort in terms of pressure, skin irritation, or heat generated by the ACB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".