Abstract 2277: Adherence to cancer prevention guidelines and risk of cancer among older white and black adults in the Health ABC Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: About one-third of cancers can be prevented by healthy lifestyle behaviors. The American Cancer Society (ACS) have guidelines for reducing the risk of cancer by maintaining a healthy body weight, being physically active, eating well and limiting alcohol. Few studies have examined adherence to cancer preventive behavior and subsequent cancer risk in older populations that are inclusive of men, women and minorities. Methods: We evaluated adherence to ACS cancer prevention guidelines and subsequent risk of all incident cancer in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. The population included 2,124 white and black men and women aged 71-80 years who were initially free of cancer at baseline (1998-1999). Adherence to ACS guidelines was scored from 0 (lowest adherence) to 8 (greatest adherence). Maintenance of healthy body weight was determined from body mass index at ages 25 and 50 (recalled at baseline) and measured height and weight at baseline. Physical activity and alcohol intake were assessed by questionnaire. Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire (servings of fruits and vegetables, the ratio of whole grains to refined grains and intake of red meat and processed meats). Incident cancer (all types except non-melanoma skin cancer) was confirmed from pathology reports when available, or medical records and death certificates. Risk of cancer was determined with cox regression adjusted for gender, age and study site. Participants with the lowest adherence to ACS guidelines were the referent. Results: The lowest adherence category (scores 0-2) had 297 participants (14% of all participants), 1,316 (62%) were in the moderate adherence category (scores 3-5), and 511 (24%) were in the highest adherence category (scores 6-8). Adherence was lower among men (P<0.001), black (P<0.001) and older participants (P<0.01). After a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 517 people developed incident cancer. Participants with moderate adherence had a 23% lower risk of cancer [HR=0.77, 95% CI=0.60-0.97]. Participants with the greatest adherence had a 26% lower risk of cancer [HR=0.74, 95% CI=0.56-0.98]. Conclusions: Only 1 in 4 older adults closely followed healthy lifestyle behaviors outlined by the ACS for cancer prevention. Greater adherence to recommendations was associated with lower likelihood of total cancer in older white and black adults. Public health efforts to increase preventive lifestyle behaviors may be particularly needed among men, black and older individuals. Citation Format: Audrey Y. Jung, Christina Gu, Iva Milijkovic, Susan Rubin, Suzanne Satterfield, Stephen B. Kritschevsky, Heidi Klepin, Anne B. Newman, Jane Cauley, Hilsa Ayonayon, Tamara B. Harris, Rachel A. Murphy. Adherence to cancer prevention guidelines and risk of cancer among older white and black adults in the Health ABC Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2277. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2277
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".