X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Aliphatic Organic Sulfides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Organic sulfides, sometimes called thioethers, are important in a variety of materials with diverse roles in biology and the environment. They also contribute a significant proportion of the sulfur in fossil fuels. We have studied a range of aliphatic sulfides using a combination of sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. We show that the sulfur K-edge near-edge X-ray absorption spectra of aliphatic organic sulfides comprise two intense transitions in the near-edge spectrum, which can be assigned as 1s → (S-C)σ* and 1s → (S-C)π* transitions. These transitions are found to change in a systematic manner in sterically hindered sulfides composed of four-, five- and six-membered rings. Both the 1s → (S-C)σ* and 1s → (S-C)π* transitions are sensitive to the presence of strain in the C-S-C angle, shifting to lower values with more strained ring systems. Steric effects can give obtuse C-S-C angles, which are predicted to cause the two transitions to converge to the same energy and even cross over at very obtuse angles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".