BEYOND STRATEGY, TIMING AND LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS—AN ANALYTICAL EXTENSION OF BUSINESS INTERNATIONALIZATION ANALYSIS: THE CASE OF CHINA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In an age defined by consequential shifts in the global distribution of wealth and power, there exists a real (and growing) possibility of international investment and expansion ambitions of emerging market multinationals being subjected to heightened levels of scrutiny. As a result, the prospects for successful business internationalization are increasingly dependent on the complex mix of political, economic, social and security perceptions and dynamics prevailing in host countries. Anecdotal evidence notwithstanding, macro-environmental assessments of the situational dynamics that shape and influence the international investment and business context in host countries have not yet been systematically incorporated into conceptual frameworks and theories of business internationalization. It will be argued that (1) the limits and constraints of conventional theoretical propositions to explain underlying drivers of business internationalization, (2) the dynamic correlation between the overarching situational context and bureaucratic politics dynamics in host countries, and (3) the prevailing (mis)perceptions and analytical perspectives about foreign multinationals’ investment/expansion motivations compel the need for an analytical angle that goes beyond prevailing theoretical and methodological constraints and aims for a more refined contextual clarity provided by rigorous attention to and incorporation of political, economic, security and social realities in host and home countries. The resulting enhanced conceptual and methodological framework will significantly extend the analytical power of prevailing business internationalization models and frameworks. This will be demonstrated with an initial evaluation of the prospects and challenges encountered by Chinese multinationals’ rapidly expanding investment and expansion forays in advanced industrial, developing, and underdeveloped countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".