Electrohydrodynamic Instability in a Heat Generating Porous Layer Saturated by a Dielectric Nanofluid
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a theoretical investigation has been carried out to study the combined effect of AC electric field and temperature depended internal heat source on the onset of convection in a porous medium layer saturated by a dielectric nanofluid. The model used for nanofluid incorporates the combined effect of Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis and electrophoresis, while for porous medium Darcy model is employed. The flux of volume fraction of a nanoparticle with the effect of thermophoresis is taken to be zero on the boundaries and the eigenvalue problem is solved using the Galerkin method. Principle of exchange of stabilities is found to be valid and subcritical instability is ruled out. The results show that increase in the internal heat source parameter , AC electric Rayleigh-Darcy number , the Lewis number , the modified diffusivity ratio and the concentration Rayleigh-Darcy number are to hasten the onset of convection. The size of convection cells decreases with increasing the internal heat source parameter and the AC electric Rayleigh-Darcy number .
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it