Characterization of eco-substituted cement containing waste ground calcined clay brick
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper discusses the potentialities of using waste bricks as a partial replacement of clinker in blended cement. The blended cements are produced by grinding and mixing clinker, waste brick and gypsum. Eight mixtures containing 0 to 35% of bricks as a clinker replacement are prepared and characterized. Partially replacing clinker by brick results in early strength, but are lower than that of the reference. However, at 90 days, the strengths are greater than that reference. The setting times and the shrinkages were reduced. Blended cement has been formulated with optimal composition of 10% of waste brick. The microstructure of the paste was studied using scanning electron microscopy and the evolution of cement hydration was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was concluded that the binder with 10% of brick shows a dense and homogeneous particles distribution. The pozzolanic reaction occurs through the decreases of the amorphous silica during hydration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".