Designing Ionic Liquids for the Extraction of Alcohols from Fermentation Broth: Phosphonium Alkanesulfonates, Solvents for Diol Extraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The ability of a number of ionic liquids to extract 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol from aqueous solution was investigated. A range of hydrophobic ionic liquids were prepared and compared. The long chain phosphonium salts containing the trihexyltetradecyl phosphonium [P66614] cation exhibited promising extraction behavior. Among them, [P66614] [octanesulfonate (C8SO3)] combined high hydrophobicity, good stability, and relatively high extraction efficiency with the distribution coefficient DBDO = 0.390 and extraction selectivity SBDO = 4.83 (2,3-butanediol) and DPDO = 0.219 and SPDO = 2.65 (1,3-propanediol) at 25 °C. Additionally, this material exhibited good compatibility with the fermentation process, facilitating its use in bioprocesses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".