Low-temperature and scalable CVD route to WS2 monolayers on SiO2/Si substrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayers are promising for next-generation flat electronics, but few scalable deposition methods are currently available. Here, the authors report the fabrication of tungsten disulfide monolayers through a novel two-step chemical vapor deposition process involving the deposition of an amorphous tungsten sulfide layer at a relatively mild temperature from the W(CO)6 and 1,2-ethanedithiol precursors, followed by a short annealing at 800 °C under an inert atmosphere. This two-step process allows the fabrication of a crystalline WS2 deposit with a low thermal budget. Raman, x-ray photoelectron, and wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopic studies performed before and after annealing confirmed the deposition of a sulfur-rich amorphous intermediate, and further confirmed its conversion upon annealing toward oriented 2D WS2 crystals in the 1–2 monolayer range, as corroborated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".