408 Aromatic amino acids alleviate intestinal inflammation in piglets through calcium-sensing receptor activation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a key role in the maintenance of intestinal barrier function and represents a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel diseases. CaSR strongly prefers aromatic amino acid ligands, such as tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of dietary supplement with aromatic amino acid——tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine (TPT) on CaSR signaling pathway and intestinal inflammatory response in piglets. A total of 40 weaned piglets (landrace ×large white ) with similar weight were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design according to diet (basal diet or supplement with 0.24% Phe + 0.16% Trp + 0.24% Tyr) and inflammatory challenge (intraperitoneally injected with saline or LPS). On the morning of days 21 after the initiation of treatment, the piglets of each dietary treatment were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at 100 μg/kg body weight or the same amount of sterilized saline, respectively. Blood and intestine samples were collected 4 h after inflammation challenged. The results showed that piglets challenged with LPS have a significant increase in rectal temperature, histopathological injury as well as colon myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, whereas dietary supplementation with TPT significantly alleviated piglets histopathological injury induced by LPS and significantly decreased MPO activity induced by LPS. Dietary supplement with TPT significantly decrease piglets serum pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations of interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, IL8, IL12, GM-CSF and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-β) as well as intestinal abundances of pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA but significantly enhance anti-inflammatory cytokine IL4 and TGFβ level (P < 0.05). Dietary supplement with TPT significantly increased CaSR and PLCβ2 protein expressions level, but decreased p-NF-κB, IKKα/β, and IκB protein expressions level in LPS-challenged piglets (P < 0.05). Based on these results, supplement with TPT can alleviate intestinal inflammation in piglets induced by LPS, this may be concomitant with the activation of CaSR and the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".