4105 Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Throat of Laval Nozzle by Using Shock Tunnel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The adequate cooling of nozzles of rocket engines requires design information for predicting a local heat flux. The heat flux has highest value at a nozzle throat area. The purpose of this study is to reveal experimental heat transfer data in the nozzle throat by using a shock tunnel. The shock tunnel was built with a shock tube and instrumented nozzle at the end of the shock tube. In the case of shock tunnel, duration time of supersonic flow is so short that high response instrumentation or methods are necessary for measuring the transient heat flux and temperature. We applied platinum thin film heat flux gauge. Open literatures suggest several experimental equations that may be applicable for predicting the heat transfer coefficients in the nozzle. Bartz's equation is one of them and is a well-known equation. This paper will present comparison between experimental measurement data by using the developed gauges and estimation by Bartz's equation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".