012 Meloxicam and temperament effects on growth performance and indicators of pain in knife or band castrated calves housed on pasture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of castration method, meloxicam, and temperament on growth performance and indicators of pain in band- or knife-castrated beef calves. Seventy-two crossbred Angus calves (76 ± 2 d of age and 134.5 ± 20.30 kg BW) were randomly assigned to treatments according to a 3 × 2 factorial design assessing castration technique (CAST; knife [K], band [B], or sham castration [S]) and drug administration (DRUG; single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam at the time of castration [0.5 mg Metacam/kg BW] or single subcutaneous injection of saline solution as control). Calves were managed in 2 groups (GROUP) of 36 to be castrated on 2 separate days, 2 wk apart. Calves were housed on pasture with ad libitum access to water. Temperament was assessed by measuring flight speed (FS; m/s); faster animals indicated more excitable temperament. Growth performance was assessed using ADG (kg/d). Substance P (SP; pg/mL) and stride length (SL; cm) were used as physiological and behavioral indicators of pain, respectively; greater SP and SL values indicated greater and lower pain levels, respectively. Initial BW and FS were collected on d −6, −1 (prior to castration day), and 0 (immediately prior to castration) as baseline measurements and on d 6, 13, 20, 34, 48, and 62 after castration (DAY). Calves were blocked by the average FS and BW obtained on d −6 and −1. Data was analyzed using a mixed-effects model including CAST, DRUG, DAY, and their interactions as fixed effects and GROUP as a random effect. The average baseline measurements of BW, the average of all FS measurements, and the average of SP or SL obtained on d −1 and 0 were used as covariates. Growth performance was greater (P < 0.05) in S (1.33 ± 0.03 kg/d) than in K and B (1.21 ± 0.03 and 1.22 ± 0.03 kg/d, respectively). For every 1 m/s increment in FS, SP decreased by 8.7 pg/mL (P < 0.05). There was no effect of CAST, DRUG, or FS on SL. As expected, both knife- and band-castrated calves had reduced ADG compared with S calves. Faster FS was associated with lower pain levels, indicating that temperament can affect physiological measures. A single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam had no effect on growth performance or the indicators of pain used in this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".