Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Characterization of Surface Films on Lead and Lead Alloys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of varying antimony content in lead alloys (with Sb content of 1.3 ; 2.7 and 3.5 wt.%) on electrochemical processes taking place on lead-antimony alloy electrodes was studied in sulphuric acid solution. Electric and structural properties of anodic films formed on the electrode surface during the 'charging' and 'discharging' processes of the negative and positive electrodes in the lead-acid battery were studied in situ using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that antimony present in the alloy catalyzes the solid phase transition of PbO to non-stoichiometric PbO_n oxide (n < 2) in the anodic layer, while it inhibits the formation of electronically conducting beta-PbO_2 phase. This causes an increase in oxygen evolution potential and expands the region of discharging of the positive electrode in the lead-acid battery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".