Effect of brine on long-term performance of four HDPE geomembranes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performance of four 1.5 mm thick high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes (GMBs) (denoted MxA-15, MxC-15, MyE-15, and MyEW-15) immersed in a brine solution with 200,000 ppm total dissolved solids and a pH = 8.7 is presented for 4 years. Accelerated ageing experiments were conducted at 40, 65, 75, and 85°C for 4 years. It is shown that neither the Std-OIT nor HP-OIT had reached a residual value before physical degradation was observed, suggesting that the traditional three-stage concept for degradation did not apply when based on the values obtained (as is usual) through the entire GMB thickness. The time to nominal failure, based on a reduction of 50% of the initial value, was less than 4 years for all GMBs at temperatures ≥ 65°C. However, using the time at which the stress crack resistance (SCR), obtained from the single point notched constant tensile load (SP-NCTL) test, decreased to 50% of the minimum requirements of GRI-GM13, the times to nominal failure are greater than 20 years for at T ≤ 65°C for MyE-15.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".