Nasopharyngeal infection by <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> requires superantigen-responsive Vβ-specific T cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significance Superantigen toxins were defined over 25 years ago for their ability to activate T cells in a T-cell receptor β-chain variable domain-dependent manner. This “Vβ-specific” T-cell activation is the hallmark feature of the superantigen, and although these toxins can mediate dangerous human disease such as toxic shock syndrome, mechanisms that explain why bacteria produce superantigens have remained enigmatic. Herein, we provide evidence that Streptococcus pyogenes utilizes superantigens to target functional, Vβ-specific T cells to promote a state of colonization providing a mechanism that helps explain why bacteria produce toxins that specifically activate T cells of the adaptive immune system. This work also implicates the superantigen exotoxins as potential vaccine candidates against this globally important, human-specific pathogen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".