Adsorptive Removal of Trace Concentration of Fluoride Using Orange Waste Treated Using Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel adsorption gel was prepared from orange juice residue by using boiling concentrated sulfuric acid to create a condensation cross-linking reaction. It was then loaded with Zr(IV) ion to create adsorption sites for fluoride ions. This prepared gel was characterized by IR, EDX, XRD, SEM and chemical analysis. Fluoride adsorption was strongly pH dependent and maximum adsorption occurred at pH 3-4. The maximum adsorption capacity was drastically improved by loading Zr(IV) from 0.21 mmol/g up to 0.71mmol/g at 303 K. The thermodynamic parameters evaluated from adsorption isotherms at varying temperature suggested that adsorption of fluoride onto the present adsorbent is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The adsorbed fluoride was successfully desorbed using dilute alkaline solution. Trace concentrations of fluoride contained in the actual waste plating solution was completely removed by adding small amounts of this adsorbent.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it