255 Evaluation of canola meal versus soybean meal as a protein supplement on performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing beef cattle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two trials were conducted to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of backgrounding and finishing cattle fed canola meal (CM) versus soybean meal (SBM) as a protein supplement with or without wheat dried distillers' grains with solubles (WDDGS). Trial 1 was a 95-d backgrounding program in which 398 steer calves (288 ± 0.27 kg; mean ± SE) were assigned to one of 12 pens and fed one of four barley silage, barley grain-based diets formulated to 13.5% CP and 1.52 and 0.92 Mcal kg-1 NEm and NEg, respectively. The dietary treatments included CM (8.7% DM), SBM (7.0% DM), CM+WDDGS (4.6 & 4.8% DM), and SBM+WDDGS, (4.2 & 4.4% DM). Trial 2 utilized 300 head (306 ± 0.94 kg) assigned to 25 pens for a 61-d backgrounding and 147-d finishing program. Backgrounding diets were identical to Trial 1 with the addition of a fifth treatment (WDDGS, 9.5% DM). The basal finishing diet was barley grain-based and formulated to 13% CP and 1.95 and 1.30 Mcal kg-1 NEm and NEg, respectively. The five dietary treatments included CM (5.7% DM), SBM (4.3% DM), CM+WDDGS (3.0% & 3.1% DM), SBM+WDDGS (2.4% & 2.6% DM), and WDDGS (6.7% DM). Performance results for each trial were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the Mixed model procedure with pen as the experimental unit. Quality and yield grades were analyzed using GLIMMIX with a binomial error structure and logit data transformation. In trial 1, there were no differences between treatments for final BW (420.7 ± 1.8 kg; P = 0.30) or gain-to-feed (G:F) (0.16 ± 0.003; P = 0.60); however, ADG was greatest (P < 0.05) for cattle fed SBM relative to cattle fed SBM+WDDGS (1.45 ± 0.04 kg vs. 1.32 ± 0.03 kg). In trial 2, no treatment differences (P > 0.22) were detected for ADG (1.65 ± 0.01 kg), DMI (9.77 ± 0.07 kg), or G:F (0.17 ± 0.001). Cattle fed SBM+WDDGS had the least subcutaneous fat depth relative to cattle fed CM+WDDGS (1.17 ± 0.06 cm vs. 1.46 ± 0.05 cm; P = 0.02) and the poorest marbling score relative to cattle fed WDDGS (398.75 ± 15.19 vs. 440.10 ± 8.20; P = 0.05). There was a tendency (P = 0.09) for greater proportion of AAA carcasses with the WDDGS treatment (66.1 ± 6.2%) while SBM+WDDGS had the least (41.4 ± 6.5%). These results indicate that CM is equal to SBM as a protein supplement for backgrounding and finishing cattle and that provision of WDDGS as a source of rumen undegradable protein did not benefit performance. The combination of SBM+WDDGS negatively influenced energy partitioning to carcass fat deposition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".