Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Utilizing TiO2 Films Prepared via Microwave Irradiation Technique: Effect of TiO2 Growth Time
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the influence of TiO2 films growth time on the performance parameters of a DSSC. The films were prepared via microwave irradiation technique by varying growth times, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 12 minutes. The XRD results reveal that ana-tase phase exists at (101) and (004) plane with the biggest crystallite size was obtained at the growth time of 3 minutes. The FESEM ima-ges show that morphological shape of nanotablet was obtained at shorter irradiation time. The particle size and thickness were found to increase with growth time. However, the particle density decreases with growth time. The uncoated dye and coated dye samples grown at 10 minutes possesses the highest optical absorption and the broadest absorption window. The DSSC utilizing the TiO2 samples did not show rectification property. It was found that the photovoltaic parameters of the DSSC are greatly influenced by the growth time of TiO2 films. The DSSC utilizing the sample prepared for 10 minutes demonstrated the highest JSC, Voc and η of 2.60 mA cm-2, 0.62 V and 0.86%, respectively due to broadest absorption window, the highest recombination resistance (Rcr) and longest charge carrier lifetime (τ).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".