On the characteristics and evolution of dynamically excited trans-neptunian objects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The small-body populations of the distant Solar System inform our understanding of the structure, formation, and evolution of the Solar System. The orbits of these Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) act as tracers for dynamical activities either ongoing or past. The distributions of TNO sizes are set by, and so probe, the conditions of the formation and evolution of the Solar System. Using data from surveys on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, I constrain the size distribution of a TNO subpopulation: the scattering TNOs. The scattering TNOs are chosen as they have orbits that come in closer to the Sun, therefore allowing smaller TNOs to be detected. The characteristics of size distribution for the small-sized TNOs is an important, and only recently observable, constraint on the formation of this population. I find that the H-distribution is consistent with models where TNOs form as large (50 km - 100 km) aggregates from the proto-planetary nebula. A recent discovery of apparent clustering in the orbits of some TNOs has led to the hypothesis of an additional and unseen planet in the distant Solar System. I examine the formation implications and consequences of such a planet, and the biases in the detected sample used to infer the planet's existence. Via a combination of dynamical simulations, survey simulations, and statistical comparisons of the observed TNOs, I explore the additional planet hypothesis to determine if there exists strong evidence for an additional planet in our Solar System. I find that there is currently no strong evidence for the clustering of orbits in the observed sample and that the proposed additional planet does not produce such a signature in models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".