An experimental analysis of coffee beans dynamics in a rotary drum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of coffee in the world, one of the main global commodities. During the processing of coffee beans, rotary drums are used in the drying and roasting phases. This equipment is widely used in many industrial sectors. According to characteristics of the drum, particulate material, and operating conditions, different flow regimes may arise. Such regimes have a direct influence on the performance of these processes and therefore their characterization is of great importance. The present work developed an experimental study about the dynamics of coffee beans, under green and roasted conditions, in a rotary drum. Transitions between rolling, cascading, cataracting, and centrifuging regimes were evaluated, for both green and roasted coffee beans. For the centrifuging regime, a comparison between experimental critical rotation speeds and the ones obtained by correlations found in literature was performed. Additionally, a new expression to predict the centrifuging rotation speed was proposed by the authors. Further analyses regarding the rolling regime were also carried out. For this regime, velocity profiles of the particles were evaluated, as well as the thickness of the active layer for different filling degrees and drum rotation speeds. Great similarity was found between the behaviour of the active region for coffee beans before and after the roasting process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".