Hydroxytyrosol regulates the autophagy of vascular adventitial fibroblasts through the SIRT1-mediated signaling pathway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a phenolic compound in olive oil, exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies found that autophagy was a therapeutic target of diseases. However, the effect of HT on autophagy in vascular adventitial fibroblasts (VAFs) remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we aimed to determine the effect of HT on cell autophagy and related signaling pathway and whether HT regulates the inflammatory response through autophagy in VAFs. Our results showed that HT promoted cell autophagy by increasing the conversion of LC3 and Beclin1 expression and the autophagic flux in VAFs stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). HT also upregulated the expression of the deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein and mRNA compared with the TNF-α group. The molecular docking studies showed the good compatibility between HT and SIRT1, indicating that HT might act through SIRT1. Further study found that HT regulated autophagy through SIRT1-mediated Akt/mTOR suppression in VAFs. In addition, HT inhibited TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in VAFs through SIRT1. Furthermore, the study showed that HT inhibited the inflammatory response of VAFs through autophagy. These findings indicate that HT regulates the autophagy of VAFs through SIRT1-mediated Akt/mTOR suppression and then inhibits the inflammatory response of VAFs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".