A wireless photostimulator for optogenetics with live animals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we present a wireless photostimulator providing high output power from small 1.5-V Zinc-Air coin battery to stimulate light sensitized neurons. To overcome the limits of such a small energy source e.g. discharging current and voltage, the proposed photostimulator is based on a DC/DC converter and a switched capacitor circuit to provide high voltage (4 V) and high current (maximum 20 mA) to the stimulating μLEDs. These LED driving voltages and currents are modulated by a PWM signal, and designed to provide a stimulation pulsewidth of 5-ms at a period of 500 ms. A charge pump circuit is used to boost the battery voltage level up to 4 V from the aforementioned low-voltage coin battery. The output current of the proposed LED driver circuit is adjustable to provide different output light power levels output. The post layout simulation results in IBM CMRF8SF 130-nm process shows a variation of less than 1 % of the output LED driver current of the across all PVT corners. The efficiency of the proposed photostimulator, including the charge pump and the LED driver, is of 66 %.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".