Состояние озонового слоя и погодные аномалии в Северном полушарии зимой 2016–2017 гг.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding the causes of weather anomalies has become important today both scientifically and socially (and even politically). subject matter of my regular column is traditionally the review of weather phenomena, in this case, the weather in winter of 2016–2017, and an explanation of natural mechanisms of these anomalies. Based on ozone layer daily and monthly monitoring and using system, comparative and discourse analysis, I review media reports on main synoptic events and weather anomalies in comparison with total ozone maps over the past winter. Last winter in the Northern Hemisphere confirmed and strengthened the main trends of climate change: there was an increase in the contrast of weather anomalies, replacing each other in space and time. This is a situation when a region with an abnormally cold weather may be adjacent to abnormally warm one, and sometime later the signs nearby weather anomalies may change. winter months of 2016-2017 on the territory of Russia were distinguished by unprecedented frosts, as well as by contrasting alternating weather signs, the location and the time of their appearance convincingly coincide with the anomalies of the total ozone (TO). cause of such anomalies are the abnormal ozone concentrations over different regions, which are caused by the enhancement of hydrogen degassing (negative anomalies of the TO) and the enhancement of geomagnetic activity (positive anomalies of the TO). I draw a conclusion about the scientific inconsistency of modern meteorological explanations for any weather changes by cyclone or anticyclone, which does not explain the fact of the weather anomaly as well, as ozone maps explain it. ozone layer; anomalies of ozone; winter 2016-2017; weather anomalies; climate change; deep degassing; hydrogen A Powerful Snowfall Took Place in Hawaii. RIA Novosti. Information Agency “Russia Today”, 4 Dec. Web. . (In Russian). A Wave of Siberian frosts Covered the Volga Region. GISMETEO News. Scientific-Production Center Map Maker”, LLC, 22 Dec. Web. . (In Russian). Arctic Anticyclone Began Invasion in the South of European GISMETEO News. Scientific-Production Center Map Maker”, LLC, 7 Feb. 2017. Web . (In Russian). Extreme Frosts in the Western Part of GISMETEO News. Scientific-Production Center Map Maker”, LLC, 20 Dec. Web. . (In Russian). Hydrometeorological Center of Russia. The Main and Climatic Features in the Northern Hemisphere in December 2016. Official Website of Hydrometeorological Center of Russia . Hydrometeorological Center of Russia, Dec. Web. . (In Russian). In Yugra, Frosts, Which Cannot Be Measured, Hit. REN TV News. Media Holding National Media Group, 21 Dec. Web. . (In Russian). One Day Minus, Another Day Plus: Atlantic Cyclones Rocked the in Moscow. GISMETEO News. Scientific-Production Center Map Maker”, LLC, 24 Feb. 2017. Web. . (In Russian). Results of New Year Anomalies in Moscow. GISMETEO News. Scientific-Production Center Map Maker”, LLC, 12 Jan. 2017. Web. . (In Russian). Select Ozone Maps. Ozone and Ultraviolet Research and Monitoring. Environment Canada's World Wide Web Site. Green Lane TM . Web. . Strong Frosts Disrupted Public Transport in Yekaterinburg. GISMETEO News. Scientific-Production Center Map Maker”, LLC, 20 Dec. Web. . (In Russian). Syvorotkin V.L. Climate Change, Abnormal and Degassing. Space and Time 1 (2010): 145–154. (In Russian). Syvorotkin V.L. Deep Degassing of the and Geo-Ecological Problems in Frontier Areas of Electronic Scientific Edition Almanac Space and Time 3.1(‘Space, Time, and Boundaries’) (2013). PDF-file. . (In Russian). Syvorotkin V.L. Earth Degassing and Ozone Layer Destruction. Priroda [The Nature] 9 (1993): 35–45. (In Russian). The Last Day of February Was the Warmest in the Season. GISMETEO News. Scientific-Production Center Map Maker”, LLC, 28 Feb. 2017. Web. . (In Russian). Weather Anomalies in the Old New Year. Meteochronicle . FOBOS Center, 13 Jan. 2017. Web. . (In Russian). Weather in Moscow: Christmas Night Has Become the Coldest in the Millennium. GISMETEO News. Scientific-Production Center Map Maker”, LLC, 7 Jan. 2017. Web. . (In Russian). Syvorotkin, V. L. The State of Ozone Layer and Anomalies in Northern Hemisphere in Winter 2016–2017. Space and Time 1 (2017): 236–250. (In Russian). Fixed network address 2226-7271provr_st1-27.2017.91.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".