Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite decades of observations across all wavebands and dedicated theoretical modelling, the SS 433 system still poses many questions, especially in the high-energy range. SS 433 is a high-mass X-ray binary at a distance of $\sim 5.5$ kpc, with a stellar mass black hole in a $13$ day orbit around a supergiant $\sim$A7Ib star. SS 433 is unusual because it contains dual relativistic jets with evidence of high-energy hadronic particles. X-ray emission is seen from the central source as well as the jet termination regions, where the eastern and western jets interact with the surrounding interstellar medium. Very-high-energy gamma-ray emission is predicted both from the central source and multiple smaller regions in the jets. This emission could be detectable by current generation imaging atmospheric-Cherenkov telescopes like VERITAS. VERITAS has observed the extended region around SS 433 for $\sim 70$ hours during 2009-2012. No significant emission was detected either from the location of the black hole or the jet termination regions. We report 99\% confidence level flux upper limits above 600 GeV for these regions in the range $(1-10) \times 10^{-13} \mathrm{cm^{-2} \ s^{-1}}$. A phase resolved analysis also does not reveal any significant emission from the extended SS 433 region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".