Messenger RNA profiling of rabbit quadriceps femoris after repeat injections of botulinum toxin: Evidence for a dynamic pattern without further structural alterations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Onabotulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is widely used clinically, but it may cause adverse effects. Earlier studies showed repeat BoNT-A injections did not cause progressive atrophy or function loss. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of repeat BoNT-A injections into rabbit muscle on subsequent molecular alterations. METHODS: Twenty-two rabbits received 0, 1, 2, or 3 BoNT-A injections in the quadriceps femoris muscle at 3-month intervals and were euthanized 6 months after the last injection. Aliquots of both injected and contralateral muscle were frozen, and the total RNA quantified. RESULTS: Total RNA per illigram wet weight tissue was significantly elevated compared with control after 1, 2, or 3 BoNT-A injections. Analysis of mRNA levels for inflammatory molecules, proteinases, adipokines, and mesenchymal stem cells were elevated with increasing BoNT-A injections in injected leg and contralateral leg. DISCUSSION: Future studies should focus on the safety and possible complications of repeat BoNT-A treatments. Muscle Nerve 57: 487-493, 2018.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".