Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper engages in a critique of the problem of time and a presentist approach to the problem. The metaphysical problem of time bothers on the question of whether time exists the same way some other existents in the universe are said to exist. There have been arguments for and against the position of the reality of time. One of the metaphysical positions on the reality of time is presentism. Presentism is the view that only the present constitutes the reality of time. Past and future are unreal and do not constitute time. Thus, the position of presentism, unlike other positions on the reality of time, posits real existence of times to be that which is present. This paper seeks to argue that presentism is self-stultifying and faces a dilemma that shows that the theory either posits the unreality of time (which will be opposing to what it purportedly stands for) or it admits of other features of time (that is, past and future). Either way, presentism is faced with a challenge that it is an inadequate theory of addressing the problem of time.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.051 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.024 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".